Farm mechanization
The level of farm mechanization in India stands at about 40-45% with states such as UP, Haryana and Punjab having very high mechanization levels, but north-eastern states having negligible mechanization. This level of farm mechanization is still low as compared to the countries such as the U. S. (95 %), Brazil (75%) and China (57%). While the level of mechanization lags behind other developed countries, it has seen an average agriculture growth rate of 3.56 % through the last decade.
According to Economic Survey, Farm mechanization and crop productivity has a direct correlation as farm mechanization saves time and labor, reduces drudgery, cut down production cost in the long run, reduces post-harvest losses and boosts crop output and farm income. Use of improved implements has potential to increase productivity up to 30 per cent and reduce the cost of cultivation up to 20 per cent.
At present, Indian farmers are adopting farm mechanization at a faster rate in comparison to recent past. Although, the sale of tractors in India cannot be taken as the only measure of farm mechanization but to a great extent it reflects the level of mechanization. Indian tractor industries have emerged as the largest in the world and account for about one-third of total global tractor production. According to the World Bank estimates, half of the Indian population would be urban by the year 2050.
Availability of Farm Power
Average farm power availability for the cultivated areas of the country has been increased from 0.295 kW/ha in 1971-72 to 2.02 kW/ha in 2016-17.The share of power from tractor in the total farm power is increasing substantially. Further, share of electric motor is also increasing. But, share of animate power and draught animal power is decreasing in the total farm power. There is a linear relationship between availability of farm power and farm yield. Therefore, there is a need to increase the availability of farm power from 2.02 kW per ha (2016-17) to 4.0 kW per ha by the end of 2030 to cope up with increasing demand of food grains
Share of farm mechanization in farming operations
The penetration of powered machines in various farm activities is assessed in the range of 40 to 45 per cent. Share of mechanization of field activities in 2016-17
| Type of Operation | Percentage of operations mechanised |
| Soil working & seed bed preparation | 40 |
| Seeding and planting | 29 |
| Plant protection | 34 |
| Irrigation | 37 |
| Harvesting and Threshing | 60-70 % for wheat and rice and <5 % for others |